2Tokens.org | Roadmap Token Finance | Tokenization

Tokenizing Digital Energy: 2Tokens and Osborne Clarke Netherlands Partner for the Energy Transition

Tue, 02 Dec 2025 07:58:00 -0800

At 2Tokens, we are dedicated to advancing the understanding and adoption of tokenization across industries. That’s why we are excited to announce our partnership with Osborne Clarke, the Netherlands. Osborne Clarke brings specialised regulatory and sector expertise that helps close the gap between innovation and compliance. With its market-leading MiCAR knowledge, banking regulatory specialists, and Digital Energy Law team, Osborne Clarke can support 2Tokens’ mission to help organizations understand and responsibly apply tokenization, ensuring that real-world use cases are legally sound, scalable and aligned with policy and market developments.

Who is Osborne Clarke, the Netherlands?

Osborne Clarke Amsterdam focuses on helping clients “succeed in tomorrow’s world”. Their vision combines strong legal expertise with deep sector knowledge and insight into major trends such as digitalisation and sustainability. They work collaboratively and pragmatically, aiming to be a strategic partner rather than just a legal advisor.

The firm offers full-service legal support across areas such as corporate/M&A, finance, employment, tax, dispute resolution, and notarial services, with a strong focus on innovative and fast-changing sectors.

As part of an international network, Osborne Clarke provides seamless cross-border support for clients operating or expanding beyond the Netherlands.

Why This Partnership Matters

No press release will be issued and there will be no ribbon-cutting or moment when the world notices that ‘finance has changed’. The current transition is more subtle and consequential. Three of the most powerful forces in contemporary technology are silently deconstructing the financial architecture constructed over the previous century and replacing it with something new across trading floors, back offices, compliance departments and settlement systems. Artificial intelligence, blockchain infrastructure and traditional banking are all important components of modern finance. AI appears to belong to IT giants and research labs, blockchain to crypto idealists and decentralised protocols, and banking to balance sheets and Basel III. But the borders between both worlds are crumbling quicker than most people understand, and their merger is not a hostile takeover nor spectacular disruption. It is quieter, systematic and lasting.

AI-powered trading and liquidity management

Tradingis the clearest convergence front. Since the 1980s, quantitative hedge funds have used automatic trading whilst high-frequency traders have taken microsecond market advantages for decades. AI-driven trading now differs from its predecessors, and that counts. Rule-based early algorithmic systems implemented strategy Y if condition X was met; they were advanced but immobile. They could not adapt to regime changes, learn from new markets or integrate unstructured data like earnings call...Read More

Tokenised treasuries, instant settlement and 24/7 markets: the future of capital markets has arrived

Mon, 08 Jun 2026 06:40:44 -0700

In May 2026, the tokenised US Treasuries sector hit an unprecedented $15.35 billion in value. Institutional demand for on-chain, yield-bearing dollar assets is rising despite inflation and macro-economic uncertainty, and reaching a record high. An experimental use of blockchain technology in traditional finance has become a major capital markets infrastructure breakthrough. In two years, tokenised US Treasuries increased tenfold, from under $1 billion in early 2024 to over $10 billion in January 2026. This accelerated expansion has attracted institutional investors worldwide, who are realising that tokenisation addresses fundamental inefficiencies in traditional fixed-income markets and opens up new opportunities for capital deployment and financial innovation. Furthermore, the implications extend beyond the digitisation of these instruments. Distributed ledger technology may improve, not replace, the foundational assets of global finance as tokenised treasuries bridge traditional finance and blockchain infrastructure. As large financial institutions accelerate tokenisation and legal frameworks evolve, these instruments will transform the digital capital markets.

Tokenised US Treasuries global market value

Source: app.rwa.xyz/treasuries (live figures)

The ownership of digital assets is no longer niche, since it is estimated that 559 million people, (almost 10% of the world’s population) own a cryptocurrency. Digital asset exposure, therefore, needs to find a secure way to hold your digital assets is set to expand as we witness more and more assets available in a tokenised format. Individuals are increasingly recognising the advantages of dedicated hardware wallets and software solutions that place full control of private keys in their hands. In addition, rather than leaving assets on centralised platforms such as Coinbase, Kraken or Revolut, users now transfer their holdings to self-custody environments immediately after acquisition. This practice eliminates reliance on third-party custodians and removes the ability of those platforms to freeze, seize or facilitate the recovery of assets upon legal request. Simultaneously, the proliferation of non-KYC decentralised exchanges (DEX), including major ones such Pancakeswap and Uniswap, has enabled seamless swapping between asset pairs without identity verification or intermediary involvement. Users can convert Bitcoin to Tether, or Circle to other tokens (directly on chain) so bypassing regulated gateways entirely. Unsurprisingly, this combination of self-custody and non-custodial trading has rendered many traditional recovery mechanisms obsolete. Moreover, illicit cryptocurrency activity had surged to a record estimated USD 158 billion in 2025, representing an increase of almost 145% compared with 2024.

However, despite the sharp rise in...Read More

Mastercard pays up to $1.8b for BVNK: why big finance is racing to own the stablecoin rails (and what it means for your business)

Wed, 27 May 2026 07:34:48 -0700

In March 2026, Mastercard announced it would acquire BVNK, a London-based stablecoin infrastructure startup founded in 2021, for up to $1.8 billion, including $300 million in contingent payments tied to performance benchmarks. Eighteen months earlier, BVNK had closed a Series B fund raise at a $750 million valuation. Mastercard paid more than double that. The question worth examining is not whether the deal was strategically sensible - it clearly was. The question regards what it says about where stablecoin infrastructure value has settled, and why one of the world’s most resourced payments companies decided it could not simply build its way there.

Visa vs Mastercard stablecoin strategy comparison

Source: Visa Accelerates Stablecoin Momentum & Mastercard to Acquire BVNK

BVNK’s product offering is not particularly outlandish. The company enables businesses to send, receive, store and convert stablecoins across blockchain networks in more than 130 countries. It bridges fiat and on-chain systems, processes...Read More

Who owns the house after the click? Why tokenised property could redefine post-transaction liability

Wed, 27 May 2026 07:31:51 -0700

As real estate becomes programmable, lawyers may discover that the biggest legal risk no longer sits before completion - it sits after it. The property market has historically depended upon a simple proposition: ownership changes slowly, records sit in central registries and moving value requires time, paperwork and intermediaries. Those frictions have often been viewed as inefficiencies, yet they also perform an important legal function - they create visibility. However, tokenisation threatens to alter that balance. The promise of tokenised real estate is compelling - fractional ownership could increase liquidity in a global property market estimated by Savills at $393 trillion, and residential property isthought to be worth $286trillion. Settlement could move from weeks to minutes and digital wallets could enable ownership transfers without layers of correspondent banking and administrative processes. Yet, beneath the efficiencies sits a less discussed question: does tokenisation reduce post-transaction liability or create an entirely new category of it? The answer may determine whether the future of digital property requires fewer lawyers or substantially more. This issue matters because property transactions rarely end at completion; many of the largest legal disputes arise afterwards, often years later. Divorce proceedings uncover previously undisclosed assets, and the latest figures for England and Wales confirmed there were 103,816 legal partnership...Read More

Crypto’s extinction event: why 11.6 million token failures could create the biggest wealth transfer of the next decade

Wed, 27 May 2026 07:25:53 -0700

For much of crypto’s history, token launches followed a familiar path. Build a credible product, generate excitement, create early liquidity and allow markets to determine value. The process was rarely perfect, but it functioned well enough to sustain repeated cycles of enthusiasm and capital formation. During 2025, however, that model appeared to break down entirely. According to research from CoinGecko, more than 11.6 million tokens failed during theyear, representing over 86% of all cryptocurrency failures recorded since 2021. Approximately 85% of newly launched tokens traded below their initial valuations, whilst the median project declined by more than 70% from launch levels. Furthermore, according to Memento Research whichtracked 118 token generation events across the year, circa 85% of tokens launched in 2025 are now trading below their initial valuations, with themedian token down more than 70% from where it started. The scale ofdestruction made 2025 the most damaging year for token launches in the industry's history.

The number of ‘dead’ coins and when they were launched

Source: Coingecko

The timing could hardly have appeared more contradictory. This was supposed to be...Read More

Why banking was faster in roman times: how stablecoins are reviving ancient financial efficiency

Wed, 27 May 2026 07:20:57 -0700

The ancient Roman banking system of the first century AD achieved levels of speed, liquidity and cross-border efficiency that remain enviable even by modern standards. Roman Empire bankers known as argentarii (argentum meaning silver) and mensarii (mensa Latin for public funded bankers) facilitated rapid movement of capital across the Mediterranean. Payments for essential commodities, such as grain shipments from the fertile fields of Egypt to the hungry markets of Rome, could be settled with remarkable dispatch - often in days or weeks through sophisticated credit instruments, bills of exchange and correspondent networks. These mechanisms far outpace today’s cross-border transactions, which are frequently delayed for weeks or months by stringent anti-money laundering (AML), know-your-customer (KYC) and know-your-business (KYB) compliance requirements.

Source: London Digital Escrow

A cornerstone of this efficiency was monetary standardisation: Roman emperors asserted control over the currency by minting the denarius with their own portrait and imperial symbols. This act transformed the coin from a mere piece of silver into a trusted, empire-wide standard unit of asset and value. The emperor’s image guaranteed weight, purity and acceptance from Britain to Judea; such...Read More

From fees to flow: the $30 trillion battle that could redesign tokenised funds

Wed, 20 May 2026 10:22:17 -0700

In February 2026, and within 24 hours, two financial products launched and illustrated a widening divide in how capital markets could evolve. On one side, ProShares introduced KRYP, the first US-listed exchange-traded fund tracking the CoinDesk 20 Index, offering diversified crypto exposure within a familiar regulatory wrapper. On the other, Nansen and OpenDelta launched NX8, a tokenised index on Solana, designed not merely to be held but to be used. The juxtaposition is instructive - both products offer diversified access to digital assets. Yet they embody fundamentally different assumptions about where finance is heading, whether digital assets will be absorbed into existing financial infrastructure or whether they will underpin a new one.

Traditional funds v tokenised funds potential fee generation

Source: Teamblockchain

KRYP has been structured in away that would be immediately recognisable to institutional investors. It sits within the regulatory perimeter of the US Securities and Exchange Commission,
carries a 0.58 % expense ratio and is accessible through brokerage platforms serving a wealth management industry estimated at more than $30trillion in assets. The fund tracks the CoinDesk 20, a rules-based index selecting from the top 250 digital assets by market capitalisation,...Read More

The custody wars: whoever controls digital asset custody controls trillions

Wed, 20 May 2026 10:16:03 -0700

A quiet conflict rages on Wall Street and in crypto startup server rooms. It does not create headlines, such as Bitcoin price increases, and it lacks the viral nature of meme coin rallies. But it could determine who controls and profits from digital finance’s future - digital asset custody is critical.

BNY Mellon CEO on why they now offer custody to crypto assets

Source: X

The value of assets held in custody is in excess of $300 trillion. Traditional custodians such as BNY Mellon, State Street and JPMorgan receive fees for keeping trillions of dollars instocks, bonds and other securities safe, accessible and compliant. Indeed, it is estimated fees from custody services were “at approximately USD42.21 billion in 2025 and projected to reach USD60.32 billion by 2031.” For decades, the...Read More